Abstract
Hospitality is as much about control as it is about welcome. Offering, granting, receiving, experiencing or refusing hospitality always involves the exercise of power and constraint as well as a potential ethics and freedom. Indeed, the seemingly contradictory elements, which some speak of as ethics and politics, cannot be separated: ‘The apparently incompatible pair are doomed to cohabit, unhappily, chaotically, because that tension is precisely what hospitality is about’.1 This defiance of reason, its incapacity to be conceptualised as simply one thing or the other, has been well observed by contemporary explorations of the concept.2 While Jacques Derrida is right to claim that because it has to do with the ethos ‘that is the residence, one’s home, the familiar place of dwelling… the manner in which we relate to ourselves and to others, to others as our own and as foreigners, ethics is hospitality’, this is not the end of the story. As he goes on to say, being at home with oneself ‘supposes a reception or inclusion of the other which one seeks to appropriate, control, and master according to different modalities of violence’.3 Few treat hospitality without an eye to its attendant hostility.4 Yet there has been little sustained analysis of the power relations, the appropriation and control involved in practices of hospitality. What types of power are being exercised in this encounter between a ‘host’ and a ‘guest’?, and how does this work to reconfigure, confuse and disturb the actions and experience of ‘hosting’ and ‘guesting’? How does it affect the material experience of global hospitality?
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Notes
Mireille Rosello, Postcolonial Hospitality: The Immigrant as Guest (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 11.
Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness (London: Routledge, 2001), pp. 16–17.
An exception may be Seyla Benhabib, Another Cosmopolitanism, Robert Post (ed.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006)
Jacques Denida, in Jacques Derrida and Bernard Stiegler, Echographies of Television: Filmed Interviews (Oxford: Polity Press, 2002), p. 81.
See Jennifer Hyndman, Managing Displacement: Refugees and the Politics of Humanitarianism (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
See Dan Bulley, Ethics as Foreign Policy: Britain, the EU and the Other (London: Routledge, 2009).
See Nick Vaughan-Williams, Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), pp. 24–59.
See Roxanne Lynn Doty, Anti-Immigrantism in Western Democracies: Statecraft, Desire, and the Politics of Exclusion (London: Routledge, 2003).
London Mayor, Cultural Metropolis: The Mayor’s Cultural Strategy — 2012 and Beyond (London: Greater London Authority, 2008), pp. 63–4.
Saskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, second edition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), pp. 5–6.
John Friedman, ‘The World City Hypothesis’, Development and Change 17:1 (1986), pp. 69–83.
Peter Marcuse and Ronald van Kempen, Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2000)
Peter J. Taylor, World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis (London: Routledge, 2004).
Peter Clark, European Cities and Towns: 400–2000 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 132.
See Ash Amin and Nigel Thrift, Cities: Reimagining the Urban (Oxford: Polity Press, 2002), p. 56.
William F. Lever and Ivan Turok, ‘Competitive Cities: Introduction to the Review’, Urban Studies 36:5-6(1999), p. 791.
Maurice Roche, Mega-events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture (Abingdon: Routledge, 2000), p. 1.
Monica Degen, ‘Barcelona’s games: The Olympics, Urban Design, and Global Tourism’, in Mimi Sheller and John Uny (eds.), Tourism Mobilities: Places to Play Places in Play (London: Routledge, 2004), p. 131.
For more on this see Dan Bulley and Debbie Lisle, ‘Welcoming the World: Governing Hospitality in London’s 2012 Olympic Bid’, International Political Sociology 6:2 (2012), pp. 186–204.
Fred Inglis, The Delicious History of the Holiday (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 150
Robert Maitland and Peter Newman (eds.), WorldTourism Cities (London: Routledge, 2008).
See B. Hayllar, City Spaces — Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts (Burlington, MA: Butterworth Heinemann, 2008)
Dan Knox, Tourism Cities (London: Routledge, 2011)
Stephen Page and C. Michael Hall (eds.), Managing Urban Tourism (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002)
Martin Selby Understanding Urban Tourism: Image, Culture and Experience (London: I.B. Tauris, 2003)
Costas Spirou, Urban Tourism and 21st Century Cities (London: Routledge, 2010)
Duncan Tyler, Yvonne Guerrier and Martin Robinson (eds.), Managing Tourism in Cities: Policy, Process & Practice (London: John Wiley & Sons, 1998).
Doreen Massey World City (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007), p. 51.
Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class... and How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community & Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 2002), pp. 68–9.
Richard Florida, Cities and the Creative Class (London: Routledge, 2005), p. 7.
Ibid., p. 131. For an excellent series of critiques of Florida’s highly contestable claims see Jamie Peck, ‘Struggling with the Creative Class’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29:4 (2005), pp. 755–66.
Nikolas Rose, ‘Governing Cities, Governing Citizens’, in Engin F. Isin (ed.), Democracy, Citizenship and the Global City (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 107.
See Judith Still, Derrida and Hospitality: Theory and Practices (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), especially pp. 51–92.
Michel Foucault, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975–76 (London: Penguin, 2005), p. 240.
Jacques Derrida, ‘Hostipitality’, Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities 5:3 (2000), pp. 13–14.
Jean-Luc Nancy, The Birth to Presence, Brian Holmes and others (trans.) (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993), p. 44.
Michel Foucault, Security, Territory Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978 (New York: Picador, 2007), pp. 108–10.
Colin Gordon, ‘Governmental Rationality: An Introduction’, in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (London: Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1991), p. 2.
They claim that the ‘vicious immanence’ of the city has been a ‘never-ending incitement to projects of government’, Thomas Osborne and Nikolas Rose, ‘Governing Cities: Notes on the Spatialisation of Virtue’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 17 (1999), p. 737.
Margo Huxley, ‘Geographies of Governmentality’, in Jeremy W. Crampton and Stuart Eiden (eds.), Space, Knowledge and Power: Foucault and Geography (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), p. 187.
Bal Sokhi-Bulley, ‘Government(ality) by Experts: Human Rights as Governance’, Law and Critique 22:3 (2011), p. 255.
See Lorna Spence, Country of Birth and Labour Market Outcomes in London: An Analysis of Labour Force Survey and Census Data (London: Greater London Authority, 2005).
Jane Wills, Jon May, Kavita Datta, Yara Evans, Joanna Herbert, and Cathy Mcllwaine, ‘London’s Migrant Division of Labour’, European Urban and Regional Studies 16:3 (2009), p. 263.
The relationship between London’s (g)host community and its colonial history is outlined by the likes of Chris Hamnett, Unequal City: London in the Global Arena (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 95–117.
Stuart Elden, ‘Rethinking Governmentality’, Political Geography 26:1 (2007), p. 30.
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality Vol. 1: The Will to Knowledge (London: Penguin, 1998), p. 95.
Though importantly, they are talking about the form of life that sovereign power seeks to impose. Jenny Edkins and Veronique Pin-Fat, ‘Relations of Power and Relations of Violence’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 34:1(2005), p. 3.
Michel Foucault, ‘What is Critique?’, in Michel Foucault (ed.), The Politics of Truth (Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e), 1997), p. 44.
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© 2013 Dan Bulley
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Bulley, D. (2013). Conducting Strangers: Hospitality and Governmentality in the Global City. In: Baker, G. (eds) Hospitality and World Politics. Palgrave Studies in International Relations Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290007_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290007_10
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