Table 1 Organ printing schema and FANNAM method (from pre-processing reconstruction to 5D customisation) describing the used methods, the parameters, the operative processes for each organ printing phases.
From: In-vivo vascular application via ultra-fast bioprinting for future 5D personalised nanomedicine
METHOD | PARAMETERS | OPERATIVE PROCESSES | PRINTING PHASES | ORGAN PRINTING PHASES |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION | Region of interest | Imaging acquisition (CT, MRI, PET) | Images processing sectioning and cell isolation | PRE-PRINTING |
MATERIALS SELECTION | Process | Technological sizing based on the material properties | Formulation | |
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT | Geometrical | CATE (computer aided tissue engineering) processing | Blueprint | |
PRE-PROCESSING RECONSTRUCTION | Printing | 3D imaging digitization and printing simulation | 3DRC (3D reconstruction cutting) and digital bio-library related to the model | |
3D OBJECT PROCESSING | Chemical and physical | Additive manufacturing and fixation | 3DFFG (3D fast freeze gelation) | PRINTING |
4D FUNCTIONALISATION | Functional and biomimicry | Definition of dynamic and active properties | NDF (nano dry formulation) | |
5D CUSTOMISATION | Pathology and physiology | Health device development | 3DPP (3D partial processes) and digital bio-library functional customisation | |
THERAPY | Predictive | Biological tests | Biomonitoring | POST-PRINTING |
SYNTHETIC ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION | Health guideline | Clinical analysis | Treatment and validation | |
BIO-BASED SMART BIOPRINTING | Adaptive | Smart processing | Human mimicry and autonomous regeneration |
